A Commentary on the Jews of Egypt: Yesterday and Today

Historically and through the middle of the nineteenth century, they, along with Christians, were tolerated as Ahl el Zemma, or Dhimmi.  To be precise, they were shown condescending mercy provided they did not contest the inferior social and legal status imposed on them.  The Dhimmi status implied the prohibition from testifying against Muslims in court, the prohibition from bearing arms or joining the army, and dress restrictions.  Jews and Christians were also required to pay an extra poll tax, the guizyeh.